Vanadium Supplementation Reduces High Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia, Hyper Insulinemia & Hyperglycemia in Rabbits

Vanadium is considered as an essential trace element in some animals. In human’s classification of vanadium as an essential nutrient is still a topic of debate among various research groups. Nutritionally vanadium is thought to be a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions. Increased levels of insulin in blood (hyperinsulinemia) associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Increase intake of fat induces hyperinsulinemia which may leads development of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to know the effect of vanadium supplementation on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. In this study New Zealand white breed male rabbits divided into three groups. Group-I: rabbits fed with standard diet Group-II: fed with group-I diet and egg yolk, Group-III: rabbits fed with group-II diet and supplemented with 0.5mg/kg of elemental vanadium as sodium meta vanadate. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Triglycerides were significantly decreased in G-III when compared to G-II after the experiment. HDL-cholesterol levels are similar in G-II & G-III. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were significantly decreases in G-III than G-II. The present study shows the antidiabetic and antilipidemic role of vanadium in the experimental rabbits. Supplementation of vanadium may prevents hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors like, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus Kew words: Sodium Meta Vanadate, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, antidiabetic INTRODUCRION Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels (Kim YM,et al 2007&. Tuttle KR, et al 2007). At present, there are more than 194 million people with diabetes worldwide (Liao Z,Chen X 2010), and this number is estimated to increase to 333 million by 2025 (Zhu CF et al 2010), The relationship between cholesterol and atherosclerosis has been known for a long time. It is also well known that diabetes and metabolic syndrome are often accompanied by hyperlipidemia and related to atherosclerosis (Toru Kita, H,2001). Increased levels of insulin in blood (hyperinsulinemia) associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Increase intake of fat induces hyperglycemia and hyper insulinemia (Shinji Ikemoto, et al 1996) which may leads to the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (Luc Djouss ́E,et al.,2009).These defects in glucose metabolism are associated with a high atherogenic risk profile, and recent evidence suggests that they may play a role in the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis(Reaven GM.,1991)&(DeFronzo RA.1992). Vanadium is considered as an essential trace element in some animals and in human’s classification of vanadium as an essential nutrient is still a topic of debate among various research group (Sakurai H, Katoh et a 2006). Some consider vanadium to be an ultra trace element requiring dietary intake of only 20mcg per day. (Barceloux DG.1999). Nutritionally vanadium is thought to be a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions. Various experimental studies shows that vanadium favors insulin sensitivity (Lucy Marzban et al,2003) but none of the study available on sodium meta vanadate effects on high fat diet induced hyperlipedemia along with hyperinsulinemia.The present study aimed to know the effect of vanadium supplementation on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology Page:200 Available online at www.ijabpt.com